Backbiting in Islam free essay sample

Backbiting, according to Oxford Dictionary is â€Å"Malicious talk about someone who is not present. † It originated from the improper attack from the back in the sport of bearbaiting(1). The word in Arabic is pronounced as â€Å"Ghibah. † Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) defined Gibah as â€Å"Your mentioning your brother with something about him that he dislikes. † Islam considers backbiting as one of the major sins that a muslim person must not commit (2). This paper will cover reasons why it is prohibited, causes, backbiting non muslims, cure, and cases in which backbiting is permissible. Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) once said, to signify the wrongfulness of backbiting: â€Å"Whoever backbites a Muslim spoils his fasts and breaks his wudu, and shall come on the Day of Resurrection with his mouths stench more putrid than a carcass If he dies before repenting, his death is like that of one who dies while considering permissible that which is prohibited by God (3). We will write a custom essay sample on Backbiting in Islam or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † There are two main reasons why Islam prohibits backbiting: 1. Islam prohibits backbiting because it emphasizes on protecting peoples rights and feelings. Gibah could violates peoples rights and hurt their feelings; therefore, it is a serious sin. 2. Because of the fact that it is easy to commit, people usually disregard it and might feel that it is insignificant (2). Listening to backbiting is also considered a sin and sometimes the listener might be considered as a sinner a well, being in the same position of the backbiter. The messenger (PBUH) said in regards to that that â€Å"the listener is one of the two backbiters. † A person could be more sinful if he expresses his interest in the backbiter’s talk. In other words, saying something like â€Å"wow,† â€Å"Astaghfirullah† or â€Å"I didn’t know he would do such a thing† means that the listener is encouraging the backbiter to add something more (3). Causes People backbite each other for plenty of reasons. Imam Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali mentions in his book â€Å"Revival of Religious Sciences† several reasons why a person would backbite. One of the reasons is revenge, a person will gain satisfaction when he/she backbites someone since he avenged him or herself. Another reason is the influence of the people around the person. People sometimes feel pressured by their friends and sometimes the only way to fit in with the group is through participating in whatever that group is. Al-Ghazali also stated that some people have a desire to praise themselves through belittling others. In the same way, someone might bad-mouth another person out of jealousy (4). Joking and mockery is also a reason why people would backbite,and in regards to that Allah says in the Quran â€Å"O you who have believed, neither should men mock other men, it may be that these are better than they; nor should women mock other women, it may be that these are better than they It is an evil thing to be called by a bad name after faith. Those who fail to avoid this are wrongdoers.. † (Surah Al-Hujurat 49:11). Backbiting Non-Muslims It is generally discouraged in Islam because one characteristic of a good muslim is not to speak rudely or bad-mouth people. The prophet (PBUH) said: â€Å"The Muslim does not slander, curse, speak obscenely or speak rudely. †. However, Islam has a detailed ruling on backbiting the non-muslims. It can be divided into two cases or scenarios. The first type of backbiting non-muslims is one in which a person mentions the physical flaws of a another person such as having big ears or long nose. This is type is prohibited because your mockery of someone’s appearance is considered as if you’re making fun of Allah’s creation. The second of type of backbiting non-muslims is when you talk about his bad habits or behavior such as drinking alcohol or adultery. A lot of muslim scholars agree that there is nothing wrong with that if your intention is to warn people against him (5). Some muslim scholars talked about more specific cases regarding the backbiting of non-muslims. Zakaryia Al-Ansari, a leading Islamic scholar of the 15th century, said that it is prohibited backbite the non-muslim if he is dhimmi. 1 His reasoning is that it will put him off from accepting jizyah. 2 He backs up his reasoning by mentioning the Hadith of the prophet (PBUH) in which he said â€Å"Whoever makes a snide comment to a dhimmi has earned Hell. † Imam Al-Ghazali said that backbiting the dhimmi is forbidden because he is like the muslim â€Å"as far as not harming him is concerned. If the non-muslim is a harbi3, Al-Ansari said that it is permissible to backbite a harbi and he backs it by mentioning what happened when the messenger (PBUH) used to command one of his companions to satirize the mushrikeen4(5). Cases Where Backbiting is Permissible For every rule in Islam, there are exceptions and there are many cases where Islam allows backbiting(4). These Cases are: 1. unjustness. A person who suffered from injustice is allowed to mention the name of the person who committed injustice to someone who is capable of restoring his rights to him like a judge or a ruler of a city. If your intention is to change evil things or to prevent a person from committing a sin. If the intention is not to change evil, then ghibah is not permissible. 3. If you’re asking about a ruling on a point in Islam(Fatwa), then you may say that your brother, father, or wife has done such and such and you would like to know the ruling on that action. However, Islam encourages people to avoid mentioning names. The question can formulated as What is the verdict regarding a person who has done such-and-such? 4. If your intention is to warn people about the wrongdoing of a person. For example, it is permissible to warn people about a merchant who cheat people by selling them defective products. It is also permissible to reveal the faults of a person to someone who is asking you to evaluate that person whom the former is thinking of marrying. A legitimate evidence for is when Fatimah bint Qays when the prophet (PBUH) and asked him about two men who had proposed to her. He said As for Mu`awiyah, he is a poor man with no money, and as for Abu Jahm, his stick never leaves his shoulder. [Bukhari, Muslim, Malik]. It is permissible to perform ghibah if a person commits sins in front of people and does not have any qualms about his sins. However, It is prohibited to mention any of his secret sins. There can be no backbiting of one who casts off the mantle of modesty. 5 [Suyuti, Al-Jami` As-Saghir, 2/519, from Bayhaqi. ] Expiation A backbiter violates two infringements in Islam. One is the limits of Allah which must expiated by sincere regret and seeking forgiveness from Allah. A number of fatwas say that the backbiter must praise the person whom he backbit in his absence. The second infringement is in regards to people’s rights. The sin can only be expiated if person affected by ghibah forgives and pardons the backbiter. The messenger (PBUH) said that â€Å"Whoever has wronged his brother with regard to his honour or something, let him ask him for forgiveness before the time when there will be neither dinar nor dirham, and if he has any good deeds it will be taken from him in proportion to the wrong he did, and if he does not have any hasanat (good deeds), some of the other persons sayyiat (evil deeds) will be taken and given to him to bear. †

Why is terrorism such a common feature of the modern world Essays

Although the U.K. has perhaps the best-known monarchy in the world, it is far from unique. Within Europe, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium and Spain also function as constitutional monarchies, as do Japan and Thailand within Asia. Hereditary rulers in Africa and the Middle East (e.g. Morocco, Lesotho, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia) still retain a great deal of real power. Are these Heads of State anachronisms who should be swept away in the spirit of true democracy, or do they have much to commend them at a time when the leaders of many new republics still struggle to find popular legitimacy? ProsConsThe concept of monarchy is undemocratic. If the monarch retains any significant political powers (as they do in Belgium and the U.K. for example) these are unjustifiable. Why should the opinion of just one person, in office purely by accident of birth, be able to influence the outcome of elections (e.g. in the U.K. if no party has an overall majority in parliament) or of political decision-making (e.g. the U.K. and Belgium again, where the monarch has to sign legislation before it becomes law)? Monarchy may also be used to prop up other unjustifiable elements within the constitution, e.g. the House of Lords in the U.K.Constitutional monarchy is a very effective political system. A hereditary Head of State acts as an important element of continuity within a democratic system. The real powers (as opposed to purely theoretical ones ? no British ruler has actually vetoed an Act of Parliament since c1720) of European monarchs are negligible. But as unelected figures above the poli tical conflicts of the day, they retain an important symbolic role as a focus for national unity (very important in Belgium, for example). In Britain their right ?to advise, encourage and warn? the Prime Minister of the day has acted as a check against overly radical policies, in Spain King Juan Carlos actually faced down a military coup in the 1980s.The concept of monarchy is also inegalitarian. Even if the monarchy retains little or no political power, its presence sustains the traditional class system, sending out a message that who you are born matters more than what you make of yourself. This can stifle aspirations and lead to a culture of deference, where entrepreneurialism and individual ability are not valued. A system of royal honours may be used to tie achievers into the traditional social structures, making radical social and political change less possible.Monarchy acts as a guardian of a nation?s heritage, a living reminder of the events and personalities that have shape d it. As such it is a powerful focus for loyalty and a source of strength in times of crisis, for example World War II, and a reminder of enduring values and traditions. Separating the positions of Head of State and Head of Government also makes great practical sense; the monarchy undertakes much of the ceremonial work at home and abroad, leaving the Prime Minister free to focus more effectively upon governing.The costs of monarchy are unjustifiable. Typically monarchs and their immediate family receive substantial amounts of money from the state to maintain luxurious lifestyles, complete with servants, expensive holidays and hobbies. The state also spends a great deal to maintain and run palaces and other royal residences, which are seldom accessible to the general public who support them through their taxes. Security costs are also very high.Monarchy is highly cost-effective when compared to the expense of maintaining a Presidency with a large staff and equally stringent security requirements. Royal residences are held in trust for the nation, and would require the same upkeep costs whether they were inhabited by a monarch or not. Instead monarchy more than pays its way through its generation of tourist revenue as millions visit sites associated with royalty, and through its role in promoting trade and industry abroad on royal visits.Royal families have become national embarrassments. In an age of mass-media monarchies are no longer able to maintain the mystique which once set them apart from the common man. Instead kings, queens, princes and princesses are revealed to be mortal, fallible and sometimes foolish creatures. As their wardrobes, squabbles and failing marriages have become constant sources of media scrutiny, so any

Sample Essays on Why I Choose to Be a Teacher

Sample Essays on Why I Choose to Be a TeacherSample essays on why I chose to be a teacher is one of the requirements of getting into teaching. That is the reason why teachers are always enthusiastic to show this sample essay on why I chose to be a teacher. These essays on why I chose to be a teacher are sometimes called 'the stock answer 'the stock for students' when they ask a question on the subject of teaching. The truth is that this sample essay on why I chose to be a teacher is the very same stock as the stock for students.The main lesson of these samples is that students will look up to your for answers. You will be respected by students for providing an easy answer and that will make you be recognized as a teacher. After all, it is the students who have to find out about the basics and theories of the subject. As such, it is your duty to show students how to begin to learn this stuff and not to just 'take away their time.'Before you write a sample essay on why I chose to be a teacher, you should take time to identify the purpose of your essay. Are you writing an essay to impress students with your high-quality writing? Or are you writing to earn respect in the field of teaching? Some people write good essay samples in order to impress the classmates but fail to write the ones that would appeal to the students and earn respect for the teacher.Good essay samples will focus on how you have experienced the lessons of the subject. They will show students how you have taken the basics of the subjects and applied them in order to get to the goal. To do this, you need to see and feel the job that you have done. Even if you haven't solved the problem yet, you can still imagine what it is like when you have solved it.For example, if a student's homework assignment was a hard math problem and he had written the solution in his own handwriting, he could still imagine himself as having got it done. This is the true quality of a good essay that captures the attention of the students.The second thing that you need to do is to provide information that is at the same time easy for the student to understand. The student will find it difficult to read every word and will need some context to understand the meaning of the sentences. Provide them with the context, and let them know that the information you are providing them is easy to understand. Once they get used to it, they will also know that there is no need to look at your papers from another angle.One way of writing a good essay sample is to be creative. You can have an entertaining touch by writing about a different subject or make a mixture of the two. It is your responsibility to show your students how the subjects that you are writing about are similar or different from each other.Remember that students will take pride in having written a good essay on why I chose to be a teacher. Just remember that you are being criticized. You should write essays in a way that you can earn the respect and gratitude of the students for being a good teacher. If you are able to do this, you will earn respect from students and become a great teacher.

Free Essays on Prostitution

â€Å"There are women who search for love, and there are those that search for money.† Today, the term woman simply denotes one’s sex. It does not define her character, morals and values, or even her profession. However, this was not always the case. At the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century, during the Progressive Era, there was a drive for reform. Various social problems became targets for investigation and intervention: child labour, juvenile delinquency, corruption in city government and police departments, and prostitution. These things were newly discovered social problems; the only differences during this period were the new assumptions, strategies, and expectations of a broad organization of activists. Progressive reform actively decided to take more of a role in regulating the social welfare of its citizens, and those private and public spheres of activity could not be disentangled. Prostitution was an issue that underscored th e relationship between home life and street life, wages of ‘sin’ and low wages of women workers, double sexual standards and transmission of venereal disease. The late nineteenth century response to prostitution revealed the competing ideologies within Progressive reform activity over social justice and social control. â€Å"Most attempts to ‘deal with’ prostitution have consisted almost exclusively of more or less vigorous attempts to suppress it altogether – by forcing the closing of brothels, and by increased police activities against individual prostitutes and against those individual places, such as taverns, where prostitutes frequently solicit.† This paper seeks to prove that the reformers were unable to stamp out prostitution during the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century for a variety of factors. First, I will look at why women in the late nineteenth, and early twentieth century became prostitutes. The gender differen... Free Essays on Prostitution Free Essays on Prostitution Prostitution Should be Illegal Prostitution should be cleaned off our streets. It first started in the early 1800’s. Prostitution is defined as providing sexual service, for the return of money. Exchange of money for sexual service. Heterosexual prostitution is the most common. Homosexual, gays and lesbians exists on smaller scales. Prostitution is a hazardous business. People selling themselves are at high risk. The women more then men. Both men and women are at risk in getting disease that has no cure. Prostitution all together should be stopped and put an end to. Prostitution takes place in many different places. Massage parlors, call-girl and call-men (also know as escort services), street prostitution, strip clubs, etc. It was believed that the most population in 1800’s was migrants. These migrants were mostly single men, husbands who left tem who left temporarily left their wives and children at home. Massage parlors were located close to railway stations. Prostitution increased during world war one when hardly and employment during world war one when hardly any employment for women was offered and it decreased during world war two for grater economic opportunities for lower-class women in war related industrials. 50% of the women in Toronto work for themselves. Street prostitution is the most visible form of prostitution that receives the most attention. Prostitutions needed the money not only to support themselves but to support but to support there family’s. Men and women take dangerous risks at night and in warm weather. Any â€Å"mental case† could take advantage of them and kill them where no one would be available to help you at the time and place where this could happen. Women are at higher risks then men. Physical assault, sexual assault, theft, sexually transmitted disease and murder are just few health risks prostitutes take on a daily basis when going out to these places with clients. Their ... Free Essays on Prostitution By James Bunch Prostitution: Should it be legal? Prostitution is said to be one of the world’s oldest profession, however, almost all the states in the U.S has it to be illegal. Nevada is the first state in the United States to legalize prostitution. Although the long-term effect of prostitution being legal is uncertain, the short-term effects have been economically beneficial to Nevada. Prostitution should be legalized because it financially benefits the country and it could also reduce crime. There are many reasons why prostitution is illegal in 49 U.S. states today. First of all, many people think that prostitution should stay illegal because it is immoral. Parents do not want their child to grow up thinking that prostitution is a normal way of living. Christianity also looks down upon prostitution because their belief says that sex is only to be done when a man and a woman are married. Another reason why the protection of morality is so important is that people's morals form the future of our nation. Many people feel that if prostitution is legalized, then its long term effects would be detrimental to the United States. The divorce rate in the United States is all ready really high. By the legalization of prostitution, this would allow room for husbands and wives to commit adultery. Second, prostitution is a great health risk to the U.S. because of the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. A major concern about STD’s is the spread of AIDS, because a cure has n ot yet been found for the disease. The transmission of STD’s is already on the rise due to uneducated teenagers having unprotected sex. In addition, most of theses teens are not going to a physician to be screened for them. Because of this, many curable STD’s are going untreated and being spread throughout a community. Prostitution only adds to this problem because prostitutes have sexual contact on a daily basis, and rarely have themselves screened for STD’s.... Free Essays on Prostitution â€Å"There are women who search for love, and there are those that search for money.† Today, the term woman simply denotes one’s sex. It does not define her character, morals and values, or even her profession. However, this was not always the case. At the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century, during the Progressive Era, there was a drive for reform. Various social problems became targets for investigation and intervention: child labour, juvenile delinquency, corruption in city government and police departments, and prostitution. These things were newly discovered social problems; the only differences during this period were the new assumptions, strategies, and expectations of a broad organization of activists. Progressive reform actively decided to take more of a role in regulating the social welfare of its citizens, and those private and public spheres of activity could not be disentangled. Prostitution was an issue that underscored th e relationship between home life and street life, wages of ‘sin’ and low wages of women workers, double sexual standards and transmission of venereal disease. The late nineteenth century response to prostitution revealed the competing ideologies within Progressive reform activity over social justice and social control. â€Å"Most attempts to ‘deal with’ prostitution have consisted almost exclusively of more or less vigorous attempts to suppress it altogether – by forcing the closing of brothels, and by increased police activities against individual prostitutes and against those individual places, such as taverns, where prostitutes frequently solicit.† This paper seeks to prove that the reformers were unable to stamp out prostitution during the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century for a variety of factors. First, I will look at why women in the late nineteenth, and early twentieth century became prostitutes. The gender differen... Free Essays on Prostitution Prostitution is simply an issue of individual liberty. The controls of a person’s own body is the most basic of human rights. Governments should not have the power to impose legal penalties upon the men and women who choose to be promiscuous. Government regulation causes an act of lawful and consensual sexual intercourse to be illegal when the exchange of money occurs. Granted that prostitution has been present in societies across the world for thousands of years, governments should recognize that prostitution cannot be eradicated. Most prostitutes that work in legalized brothels in Nevada and other cities such as Amsterdam(Netherlands) and Victoria(Austrailia) have said that they receive money for sexual gratification (www.realwomenca.com). Andrew Wyllie believes that those against legalized prostitution are hypocrites. He said in his debate article,† For some reason, one of the oldest professions on the planet is considered one of its least moral. Get off your high horse. You all like sex, and you know it. I’m sure you wouldn’t mind getting paid for it either.† Consequently, national governments should pass legislation that makes prostitution safer, rather than persist with futile and dangerous prohibition. Prostitutes have performed a valid social function for thousands of years. Prostitution has actually helped maintain marriages and relationships. Instead of a relationship, a purely physical transaction occurs in prostitution, a commercial exchange that does not jeopardize the emotional stability of a relationship. In Italy, for example, a visit to a prostitute does not violate the law against adultery. Many libertarian feminists consider that prostitution reflects the independence and dominance of modern women. The majority of prostitutes are women. Once the dangers of abuse from male clients and pimps are removed, the capacity of women to control the sexual response of men in a financially beneficial relationship is ... Free Essays on Prostitution Prostitution is Here; Whether You Like it or Not Suppose you are a male between the ages of 18 and 22. Your girlfriend of two years has broken up with you a few weeks ago because she was involved with another man. You have no idea what to do about the situation you are now in. You had spent practically every conscious and unconscious moment for the past 730 days with her, and now you feel betrayed because she had been cheating on you, for God knows how long. It is Friday night, a few weeks later, and this was the first time that your friends could get you out of that filthy apartment you live in. So you go out with your boys, get drunk, and talk to a few girls. Later on in the night, one of your friends, Brian, suggests getting you a couple of prostitutes to get your mind off your girlfriend. You think to yourself, what is he talking about? Prostitutes are illegal, and even if you wanted one, you would never be able to find one in Bloomsburg. Just because prostitutes are illegal and seemingly to be unheard of in rural areas like Bloomsburg, does not mean they do not exist. Prostitution has, is, and will exist- illegal or not. Everyday, women of this profession are physically beaten or mentally crushed by their pimps or clients. Sunday through Saturday, these women are at risk for sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS, because they are either ashamed to go to clinics, or do not have sufficient funds to get the help they truly need. This is why prostitution should be decriminalized, everywhere. By doing this, we can keep a closer eye on this line of work; women will be less intimidated by medical doctors, less likely to stay with pimps who abuse them, and possibly a better chance at getting out of the business with enough money to start their lives over. According to the Los Angeles Times, a federal judge has denied a request to legalize prostitution in Florida, saying prostitution would have much more harmful e... Free Essays on Prostitution Prostitution is the performance of sexual acts solely for the purpose of material gain. Persons prostitute themselves when they grant sexual favors to others in exchange for money, gifts, or other payment. In legal terms, the word prostitute refers only to those who engage overtly in such sexual-economic transactions, usually for a specified sum of money. Prostitutes may be of either sex, but throughout history the majority have been women. Prostitution is said to date back as far as we can remember. In ancient Rome Street prostitutes offered services to patrons of the theater, races and gladiator contests. When contests were over, prostitutes would take the patrons to arches beneath the public buildings known as the cellae fornicae. This is where the word fornication came from, meaning sex between unmarried individuals. Through the years, prostitution remained as a means of employment for poor women. Selling sexual favors was their main hope for survival. In the beginning of the 20th century, prostitution was done in houses which many called â€Å"hoar houses†. The prostitutes lived in these homes and performed their acts their. Small red lights were used to show the houses were open and they became known as red light districts. These houses are still around in Nevada and parts of Europe. There are five different types of prostitutes. Starting from the lowest standard to the highest The first type is a street walker- this is a prostitute who sells themselves on the street. Streetwalkers usually walk through the night and but when walking through the day they usually stay in front of x-rated movie houses. After getting a customer the prostitute usually goes back to her apartment or a cheap hotel. Other places where streetwalkers sell themselves are rest areas on highways. The second type are bar prostitutes. There is usually an arrangement between the bar owner and the prostitute. The owner does this beca...

Performance Baseline Development for Severs and Networks Coursework

Performance Baseline Development for Severs and Networks - Coursework Example The analysis indicates the health status of the network. Data capture or sniffing tools can be used to monitor the stream of network data. Also, other protocols such as sFlow or NetFlow can be alternatively be used to capture the data stream. The two are less storage-intensive compared to sniffing tools. The administrators can see trends in application usage by performing packet analysis. The trends will help in assigning the percentage of utilization for each application in reference to total network usage. Finally, the monitors are left to run and gather points of data. The most preferred time to be allocated is about seven days. The seven days will allow effective and accurate monitoring of window and thus the determination of performance trends. A baseline for each data metrics is then set. The ranges that were obtained will determine the network performance baseline. (Tomsho, G. 2009, pg. 143) Some windows programs and tools can be used to gather the information that can be used to create the baseline. These include the Windows Forensics Toolkit (WFT) and the KDiff. WTF is an analysis tool developed by McDougal. It can be used to collect data. It is done by using the command â€Å"wft-fetch tools†. The KDiff is a comparative analysis tool. KDifff accepts both a baseline file and an updated file.

Business law term paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Business law - Term Paper Example For movies and creative work a clear understanding by the actors, producers and directors of copyright law and trademark laws of the land are quite essential. These important detailed are necessary in making clear the ownership of such creative works and the brands. The issues involved include intellectual property rights and who has legitimate claim on them. In the movie there is a debate on who are the owners of the images and songs of the movie. For clarity of these proper contracts between the producers and the creative professional should be apparent. Copyright law for example is about is the exclusive right given under certain government exclusive rights to a work to the original producer of such works. This works have to be registered and in the case that they are not registered then the first producer provided he or she can prove his originality automatically becomes the copyright holder. This paper however shall focus on copyright law and trademark laws governing the movie Pinocchio. So far it is estimated that Pinocchio the movie has over 1000 copyrights in the United States of America. These copyrights of the Disney movie were done in 1957 and renewed in 1985 and will enter in the public domain in 2052. Pinocchio also clearly teaches the audience both the readers of the literally work and those who watched the movies on the elements of a contract. A contract is basically an agreement between two or more parties to fulfill a certain obligation in a specified period of time for a consideration. This fictional character Pinocchio who was a puppet had a burning desire to become a little boy after he was magically transformed to life. The blue fairy promised to turn him into a boy only if he proved himself as worthy. He was to prove his character and show his selflessness before he could be turned into a boy. When we look at the elements of contract we see here there was an offer and

The Basics of Supply and Demand Essay Example for Free

The Basics of Supply and Demand Essay 1) Use supply and demand curves to illustrate how each of the following events would affect the price of butter and the quantity of butter bought and sold: a. An increase in the price of margarine. b. An increase in the price of milk. c. A decrease in average income levels. 2). Use Supply and demand curve shifts to illustrate the effect of the following events on the market for apples. Make clear the direction of the change in both price and quantity sold. a. Scientists find that an apple a day does indeed keep the doctor away. b. The price of orange triples. c. A drought shrinks the apple crop to one-third its normal size. d. Thousands of college students abandon the academic life to become apple pickers. e. Thousands of college students abandon the academic life to become apple growers. 3) The rent control agency of New York City has found the aggregate demand is QD = 100 5P. Quantity is measured in tens of thousand of apartments. Price, the average monthly rental rate, is measured in hundreds of dollars. The agency also noted that the increase in Q at lower P results from more three-person families coming into the city from Long Island and demanding apartments. The city’s board of realtors acknowledges that this is a good demand estimate and has shown that supply is Qs =50 + 5P. a. If both the agency and the board are right about demand and supply, what is the free market price? What is the change in city population if the agency sets a maximum average monthly rental of $100, and those who cannot find an apartment leave the city? b. Suppose the agency bows to the wishes of the board and sets a rental of $900 per month on all apartments to allow landlords a â€Å"fair† rate of return. If 50 percent of any long-run increases in apartment offerings comes from new construction, how many apartments are constructed? 4) Much of the demand for U.S agricultural output has come from other countries. From Example 2.4, total demand is Q = 3244 283P. In addition, we are told that domestic demand is Qd =1700 – 107P. Domestic supply is Qs = 1944 + 207P. Suppose the export demand for wheat falls by 40 percent. a. U.S farmers are concerned about this drop in export demand. What happens to the free market price of wheat in the United States? Do the farmers have much reason to worry? b. Now suppose the U.S government wants to buy enough wheat each year to raise the price to $3.50 per bushel. With this drop in export demand, how much wheat would the government have to by each year? How much would this cost the government?